Addicted to Growth: Societal Therapy for a Sustainable Wellbeing Future by Robert Costanza

                                     

  Two years before he was born, Robert Costanza’s mother lost her baby when she was six months pregnant. It happened in the year 1948 in Donora, Pennsylvania, with the Donora Smog, an environmental disaster that helped to raise awareness on the dangers of air pollution.

 The incident led to 20 immediate deaths in October, 1948, and another 50 deaths took place within the following month. Respiratory problems affected a large fraction of the population. Robert’s mother lost her baby after she got sick with pleurisy and pneumonia.

  This environmental disaster and the unregulated industrial emissions and car exhaust in big cities like Los Angeles and New York sparked an outcry that led to the creation of the Clean Air Act in 1968. Yet these changes were not followed by any long-term plan to build a sustainable economy.

   How can we develop an economy that is not about providing short-term benefits but that evolves to develop a creative plan to address the issues the system perpetuates consistently? These issues are climate and environmental disruption, biodiversity loss, financial instability, inequality and eroding democracies.

    Robert Costanza argues that the GDP or Gross Domestic Product should not be used as an indicator of a healthy economy. Every country uses GDP to assess the health of the economy. The use of the GDP dominates policy goals and consumerism. Yet the GDP is misleading. He explains this thoroughly in his book Addicted to Growth.

 To understand the limited value of the GDP, take a moment to reflect on the true goal of the economy.

       What is the goal of the economy?

 Robert Costanza states that the economy should sustainably improve human wellbeing, and he reminds us that the quality of human life is interdependent with the quality of all life on the planet. On the other hand, what happens when humans are at the service of the economy? What happens if the economy grows at all costs by exploiting the environment, compromising physical and mental human health and causing the extinction of multiple species?

  According to Robert Costanza, "we are trapped in an addictive pattern of behaviors called social traps, or societal addictions, that provide short-term rewards but are detrimental and unsustainable in the long run.” 

 I would argue that it is detrimental right now if you consider the current effects of the climate crisis as I write these words.

  Robert Costanza’s reflections and facts encourage us to get together to create a vision of the kind of world we want. He also sets the strategies to face the addiction through something called Motivational Interviewing (MI), a non-judgmental approach that is based on fostering a positive vision. He describes the elements of the motivational interviewing technique in detail and I highly recommend this chapter. It has the potential to kindle conversations that may help us find common ground with others, and to work toward a shared vision of the future.

Overcoming an addiction

  “It is rarely effective to confront addicts concerning the damage they are causing to themselves and to others.” Denial is the most likely response when an addict is confronted. For this reason, an introspective read of the MI and the application of these elements in different settings may help create a path of understanding and hope.

 The fossil-fueled economic growth and the “economic growth at all costs” model are important aspects of this societal addiction. We must address it in constructive ways. To do this, Robert Costanza invites us to review how we dealt with societal addictions before. For example, he refers to slavery and tobacco as forms of societal addictions.

  How did societies overcome past addictions? He cites the example of slavery in the United States of America as a form of addiction. The American South wanted the profits of slavery, so they refused to abolish it. Even after slavery ended, it took one hundred years for the Civil Rights Movement to take place, and we are still dealing with the aftermath of slavery.

  Tobacco is another example of a societal addiction. Despite the clear evidence of the effects of tobacco on human health, it took fifty years to reduce smoking rates by fifty percent. Why did it take so long?

 

 “It took 50 years for smoking rates to halve in the face of tobacco companies seeking to lobby governments and muddy the waters of scientific evidence. Advocacy, policies, and education can work but in the face of determined opposition it can take a long time.”

  Like the tobacco industry, the fossil fuel industry knew about the dangers in using their products. They were well aware of the links with climate change and the consequences of spewing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, but they used the strategies of the tobacco industry. They invested in ongoing disinformation campaigns and political lobbying to prevent change.  Robert Costanza makes it clear: “In fact, both the tobacco and fossil fuel industries used many of the same scientists, publicists and advertising firms to downplay the dangerous impacts of their products. Both industries continue to work like drug dealers concerned with their own interests by preventing the addiction from being recognized and overcome.”

 On why I read this book by Robert Costanza

  When I read the book Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmerer, I became intrigued to learn more about ecological economics, so I researched information on the topic and I came across the works of Robert Costanza. I borrowed his book from the library.

  Robert Costanza is Professor of Ecological Economics at the Institute for Global Prosperity (IGP) at University College London (UCL). He is the 2024 winner of the Blue Planet Prize. His work brought global attention to the previously understated importance of ecosystem services. As a co-founder of ecological economics, a new field of study that recognizes that the economy is embedded in society and a finite biosphere, Professor Costanza advocates for an ecologically sustainable wellbeing society. You can learn more about his work by visiting his website:

https://www.robertcostanza.com/

 

 Conclusion

  If you don’t have time to read the whole book, go to chapter 5 and read pages 102, 111 and 112. I hope this will help you to broaden your perspective on the subject and to set new expectations. I would like to ask Robert Costanza what the universities are doing to integrate ecological economics into mainstream economics.

  Finally, Chapter 6 of Addicted to Growth provides a variety of practical ways through which people and countries are already working to build a sustainable, healthy future in harmony with the environment.  We can all be part of this movement to embody the vision and policies that foster the development of sustainable, healthy, happy and fair societies, so I hope I inspired you to you explore his book. Hopefully, Addicted to Growth: Societal Therapy for a Sustainable Wellbeing Future will be shared in high schools and universities. I strongly encourage educators to read it and share it.

  A world of peaceful, healthy coexistence is possible when we create the medium and mindsets to make it possible.  

 

 Relevant links:

https://sph.emory.edu/about/communications/health-wanted/show-notes/episode-fifteen-smoking/index.html

 

https://commonhome.georgetown.edu/topics/climateenergy/defense-denial-and-disinformation-uncovering-the-oil-industrys-early-knowledge-of-climate-change/

 

https://www.greattransition.org/publication/farming-for-a-small-planet

 

 https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jan/11/wildfires-los-angeles-climate-crisis-john-vaillant

https://insideclimatenews.org/news/22012025/trump-executive-orders-have-advocates-across-the-nation-on-edge/

If you enjoyed this post, feel free to check my writing on Parable of the Sower by Octavia Butler

Photo by Sebastian Gabriel. Source: unsplash.com

Parable of the Sower by Octavia Butler

 

  I needed to take a break from reality on the night of November 6, 2024, so right after dinner I immersed myself in Octavia Butler’s book. But life has a way of playing tricks on me. When I reached page 25, I was shocked to read that the main character, Lauren, had written a journal entry dated on Wednesday November 6, 2024. Yes, you’ve read that correctly. It was the same day of the week, date and year. I had trouble believing the coincidence of such a synchronicity.

  According to the journal entry, Mr. Donner had won the presidential election and he would dismantle environmental regulations and worker protection laws…

   I can’t believe I am writing this but… dystopias are not meant to be used as playbooks. They can be offered to relay the fruits of the author’s foresight to people who are confused and can’t evaluate the consequences of foolish actions and decisions.

  A dystopia takes us to a place where we do not want to go. Parable of the Sower dares to do that.

  What happens when people choose vulgarity and hatred over empathy and common sense?

  What happens when a climate crisis is blatantly ignored and not addressed?

  What happens when the truth does not matter anymore?

  To know the answers to these questions, you can read Parable of the Sower. Octavia Butler delves into the context well. It is like going back to the Middle Ages, but with a climate crisis on top of it. It is unsettling and disturbing. Read it and pass it on to those who still believe in the power of books. It is a story of survival amid dark life circumstances. It is riveting, fascinating and very unpleasant. I am still reading it…

  I can’t believe she published this book in 1993. Octavia Butler was a genius. I can’t figure out why this book is not as widely read as Farenheit 451. Perhaps it is because the author is a woman of color and not a white man.

 The setting is so vivid and terrifying: you can see with clarity how far misogyny, hatred and racism can go; in this reality, people do not even have the privilege of whining about high gasoline prices anymore, because they don’t have enough clean water to drink and keep themselves clean.

  Octavia Butler won several awards, and you can read about her life and accomplishments here:

https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/octavia-estelle-butler

 https://grist.org/culture/octavia-butlers-1993-parable-of-the-sower-predicted-climate-reality/

   I will end the post with the starting quote of her book:

“Prodigy is, at its essence, adaptability and persistent, positive obsession. Without persistence, what remains is an enthusiasm of the moment. Without adaptability, what remains may be channeled into destructive fanaticism. Without positive obsession, there is nothing at all.”

 

 

  Addendum to the post:

 I finally completed the read. It is a remarkable story that belongs to the speculative fiction genre. This novel provides the fertile soil to have fruitful discussions on several topics and issues that assail our modern societies. If you belong to a book club, I hope you will consider sharing it. I will continue thinking about it and reflecting on it. 

 It is interesting to point out that when the novel was first released in 1993, critics refused to accept it as speculative fiction. They believed it was a book of science fiction.

  The novel is now accepted as speculative fiction; it has become a best-seller.

 

 

The Atlas of Disappearing Places: Our Coasts and Oceans in the Climate Crisis

 

“Someone once wondered why it is that if a work of man is destroyed, it is called vandalism, but if a work of nature is destroyed it is often called progress.”

Jane Goodall, Seeds of Hope

We only know about 9 percent of the 2.2 million species that inhabit the ocean. This means that about 91 percent is unknown to us. There is a complex elusive world under attack by us, humans, as we continue to dump plastic, fertilizers, toxic metals, pesticides, sewage, agricultural runoff, oil, etc. These chemicals kill and contaminate the fish that feed three billion people. Coastal pollution leads to the spread of infections; oil spills and various chemicals compromise the oxygen supply of ocean creatures.

  Phytoplankton are single-celled creatures that produce 50-80 percent of the oxygen on earth, so protecting oceans is tied to our own survival. Along with tropical, temperate, and boreal forests, phytoplankton make up the “lungs” of the planet.

 The warming of the oceans as a result of industrialization affects life in the sea. Warm water holds less oxygen, and the requirement for oxygen at warmer temperatures increases, so this creates a deficient supply for living beings in the sea. Furthermore, I already wrote about the acidification of the oceans due to the high emission of carbon dioxide by human activities when I reviewed the book Hurricane Lizards and Plastic Squid by Thor Hanson. In my post, I also explained what corals are and the bleaching that takes place when the water is too warm.

  The Atlas of Disappearing Places: Our Coasts and Oceans in the Climate Crisis, by Christina Conklin and Marina Psaros, details some of the challenges and transformations that various places are facing as a result of pollution and climate change, two issues that are inextricably interwoven.

   There is a chapter for each individual place; the authors explore the environmental issues and how they are affecting the economy. There is a section about their projections for the year 2050. In other words, in that section of the chapter the writers pretend that they are already in the year 2050, and they describe the outcome of the situation.

 The places portrayed and explored in the book include the following: Kure Atoll, Hawaii; the Arabian Sea; Camden, Maine; the Cook Islands; San Francisco Bay; Houston, Texas; New York city; Hamburg, Germany; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Kutupalong Camp, Bangladesh; The Arctic Ocean; Pisco, Peru; The North Atlantic Ocean; Ise, Japan; Kisite, Kenya; Pine Island Glacier; Shangai, China; The Thames Estuary, Britain; Ben Tre, Vietnam; and Hampton Roads, Virginia.

The book addresses the need to act to create a habitable future on earth for our descendants.

 Kisite, Kenya, is one of the places described:

For decades, the diversity and bounty of Kenya’s small-scale fisheries have been in decline. Unsustainable fishing practices-including cyanide to stun fish; bottom trawling to scrape from the seafloor into big nets; and exceeding (or failing to set) quotas on threatened fish species—are some of the culprits. Kenya has worked hard over the past few decades to better protect its wildlife, including designing a number of new marine protected areas that aren’t protected (MPAs). These areas, which restrict extractive activities, show increased biodiversity and larger numbers of fish over areas that are not protected.

 Even though Kenya has attained some degree of success, it is still seeing declines in fish and the degradation of coral reefs as a result of ocean warming, polluted runoff from coastal towns, and illegal fishing activity. This has deleterious effects for the thousands of subsistence fishers in Kenya, and it impacts tourism as well.

Perhaps the greatest feat of the book is to spur us to do our part to work toward a better outcome. Every individual action matters; each day is an opportunity to learn and improve, to lead the path toward a better future. Policies also matter. Voting is crucial to make sure that we support measures that care about the quality of the air and the water, so contact your representatives and inform yourself. It is an ethical responsibility to remember, no matter where you live.

 

There are many interesting facts that will help remind people to make better choices each and every day:

 We wash eight million tons of plastic into the ocean each year, and even countries with good waste management recycle very little of it—just 30 percent in Europe and 9 percent in the United States of America. By 2050, one major study projects, if we continue on the same consumption trajectory, there will be a pound of plastic in the ocean for every pound of fish.

 Chemicals in plastic, such as bisphenol A and phthalates, are endocrine disruptors and they cause cancer in humans. They also harm animals in the sea. It takes over five hundred years for plastic to break down, and the tiny particles remain in the environment, having an impact on marine life and our own health.

 Here's a recent report on the possible effects of microplastics on the brain.

    Placing plastic in the recycling bin is not a guarantee that it will get recycled. According to a recent article in the Smithsonian Magazine, only 5 percent of the total plastic met the conditions to get recycled during the year 2021 in the United States of America. Hence, it is necessary to reduce or avoid the use of plastic altogether.

  Despite our differences, we all want and need clean water and air, so we should do more to protect the planet. We depend on the existence of healthy soil as well. Yes, clean energy is crucial; conservation is paramount.

 The only aspect I did not like about the book is the authors’ utilitarian view of animals. I think they could have offered another perspective on this, one based on the current scientific research, to promote empathic solutions…

 What will our descendants say about us in a hundred years? It will depend on our actions in the 2020s…

I came across this lovely quote this past week:

The quote concludes that the earth is sacred, so we should treat her with respect and align our actions with this ethical principle. We are the Earth; the Earth is us. We know that when we harm the Earth and other creatures, we are harming ourselves.

 

The quote reminded me of the speech by Chief Seattle, a Suquamish chief. My mother shared it with me when I was little, and it has become relevant today:

“The President in Washington sends word that he wishes to buy our land. But how can you buy or sell the sky? the land? 

The idea is strange to us. If we do not own the freshness of the air and the sparkle of the water, how can you buy them? Every part of the earth is sacred to my people. Every shining pine needle, every sandy shore, every mist in the dark woods, every meadow, every humming insect. All are holy in the memory and experience of my people.

We know the sap which courses through the trees as we know the blood that courses through our veins. We are part of the earth and it is part of us. The perfumed flowers are our sisters. The bear, the deer, the great eagle, these are our brothers. The rocky crests, the dew in the meadow, the body heat of the pony, and man all belong to the same family. The shining water that moves in the streams and rivers is not just water, but the blood of our ancestors. 

 To read the full speech, you can go here.

 

I will publish my next post on November 11.

Enjoy the ride on My Writing Life blog.

Gaia's Own: Every Child's Guide to Living in Harmony with Nature

 

“If you truly get in touch with a piece of carrot, you get in touch with the soil, the rain, the sunshine. You get in touch with Mother Earth, and eating in such a way, you feel in touch with true life, your roots, and that is meditation. If we choose every morsel of food in that way we become grateful, and when you are grateful, you are happy.” 

Thich Nhat Hanh

 The delightful exchange of letters between a grandfather and his empathetic grandchild can teach us a lot about life. Gratitude is the essence of a happy existence, because it means that we take nothing for granted.

Gratitude was at the heart of many ancient cultures, including the ancient Celtic wisdom, which I wrote about in my previous post. Gaia teaches us this basic concept everyday, when we live in harmony with Mother Nature, but when the norm is to ignore basic principles of reciprocity, we abuse other living beings and the environment, and we harm everybody in the process.  

When we are thankful, we don’t take more than what we need. The troubles of humanity are the consequences of taking too much from Mother Nature—Gaia—and not giving back.

 

Today I am honored to write about Gaia’s Own, a book by Dharshana Bajaj, a writer and artist from India. In the exchange of letters between Satvika and her grandpa, a wildlife photographer, we gain insights and learn facts. Above all, we are inspired to make choices that support our authentic self, health and Mother Nature. Some people live under the delusion of separation. This book will help them to dissolve such a delusion.

 This is an educational, thorough and entertaining read that will guide every child and teenager toward an existence of love and health. It will encourage them to get creative as well, to respond to the challenges they will be facing throughout their lives.

I highly recommend Gaia’s Own: Every Child’s Guide to Living in Harmony with Nature to educators and parents. 

 Children have the potential to understand things better. Unlike adults, they are not detached from their environment and the truth about how everything is connected. Fostering their inquisitve minds should be part of their education; it is important to cultivate curiosity along with compassion, instead of stifling them. This is why this book should be shared widely in schools. Our future depends on it.

Leonardo Da Vinci was ahead of his times when he developed the idea of harnessing solar power. His authenticity was fully expressed through painting, writing, architecture, engineering and ideas that continue to be relevant today. A rigid mindset would have restrained his creative power, but Da Vinci’s works required an open-minded approach to learn continuously and thrive.

 

 I learned a lot from this comprehensive book (Gaia’s Own). I did not know that countries like Paraguay, Albania and Iceland only use renewable sources of energy to satisfy their electricity needs. I did not know that India is the world’s third largest producer of renewable energy (solar, wind, small hydro, bio-power).

 I was thrilled to know that farmers in Japan managed to save the cranes from extinction through their caring thoughtful actions:

https://thekidshouldseethis.com/post/trying-to-save-the-red-crowned-cranes-of-japan

We all play a role in healing the planet through conscious efforts, creative ideas and mindful choices. There is a massive extinction crisis going on, and those who believe that it will not affect humanity are choosing a path of dangerous denial. This is happening right now. If the deniers truly understood how we are all interconnected, they would fathom that the survival of humanity is at stake. 

 “If you really think the environment is less important than the economy, try holding your breath while you count your money.” Guy R. McPherson.

800 million people go hungry everyday in our planet. Yet thirty percent of the world’ s food is trashed. In the USA alone, 40 millions tons of food are wasted every year. The Global Hunger Index is calculated based on the number of people who are undernourished and the number of children under five who are underweight. Congo, Haiti, Zambia, Yemen, Madagascar, Burundi and Chad have the highest scores ( between 30 and 40). India has a score of 26. Somalia has the highest score: 50

 On the other hand, all these countries are on the receiving end of tons of electronic waste dumped into them by some of the most developed countries, like USA, Britain and Germany, so in addition to dealing with hunger, they contend with pollution from outside sources.

 This book brings to our consciousness issues that are routinely ignored. Raising awareness on the intricate ways through which we are all connected is necessary to inspire people to make responsible choices and to develop new sustainable solutions.

 Those who work on the update of technologies should also be tackling the problems of sustainability in technology as a fundamental component of it. Overconsumption destroys lives; greed kills. We have destroyed the balance that allows us to live in harmony with Mother Nature.

 We need to restore this balance.

 We cannot extricate ourselves from reality, no matter how hard they try to distract us with trips to the moon and to other planets.

 

 “Trees are the oldest life forms on earth, making up over 80 percent of the global biomass. They provide millions with nourishment. We get our wood, herbs, medicine from trees. Trees hold the soil in place, preventing soil erosion and landslides. They help in carbon sequestration and produce oxygen we all need to make life possible. They reduce air pollution, heat and gases that cause the greenhouse effect. They are home to millions of animals, insects and birds.”

 Healthy forests are necessary for the oceans as well, and I explained it when I reviewed To Speak for the Trees. Without healthy forests, we will annihilate the fish, the whales, the dolphins…

  With the burning of fossil fuels, which is also responsible for the production of plastic, we disrupt the health of forests and oceans. Industrialization has led to an exponential increase of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. A simple graph shows the increase over time. These gases trap heat.

 By the same token, this increase correlates with the rise of global temperatures and climate change.

 My simple question is this: does anybody believe that we will survive as a species after destroying the ecosystems of Mother Nature? 

  I cherish Satvika’s grandfather’s wisdom, and I hope it will reach many hearts and minds across the world.

 “We are all interconnected with each other and everything else in Nature, so keep doing what you can. Spend as much time in Nature as you can and love her more. For she is you.”

 

 

I thank the author for kindly sharing “Gaia’s Own” for My Writing Life.

If you enjoyed this post, don’t keep it to yourself. Share it on social media.

 

 If you have a special interest in related topics, you can also read my posts on the following books:

UnlikelyFriendships

Eat for Life

Unlikely heroes

 

I put together a number of posts from other sites, related to the subject of this post:

https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/3481622-to-fight-inflation-we-must-fight-climate-change/

https://www.oneearth.org/regenerative-agriculture-can-play-a-key-role-in-combating-climate-change/

https://www.climaterealityproject.org/climate-101

https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/climate-change-and-women/

 

https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/biodiversity/elements_of_biodiversity/extinction_crisis/

 

https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/toxic-e-waste-dumped-in-poor-nations-says-united-nations